A New, Portable Orofacial Manometer for Measuring Tongue Strength and Endurance in Children: Laboratory-Based Validity Study

Rizky Kusuma Wardhani   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Luh Karunia Wahyuni   ^{2 *} , Dr, MD ;   Widjajalaksmi Kusumaningsih   ^{2 *} , Prof Dr, MD ;   Sarworini Bagio Budiardjo   ^{3 *} , Prof Dr, DMD ;   Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf   ^{4 *} , PhD ;   Sri Mardjiati Mei Wulan   ^{5, 6 *} , Dr, MD ;   Aria Kekalih   ^{7 *} , Dr, MD ;   Titis Prawitasari   ^{8 *} , Dr, MD ;   Sawitri Darmiati   ^{9 *} , Dr, MD ;   Boya Nugraha   ^{10 *} , Dr

¹ Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

² Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

³ Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁴ Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics / Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁵ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

⁶ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

⁷ Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁸ Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

⁹ Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

¹⁰ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

*all authors contributed equally