Usability, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Personalized Adaptive Mirror Therapy for Upper-Limb Poststroke Rehabilitation Using Immersive Virtual Reality and Myoelectric Control: Single-Arm Pre-Post Study

Daniela De Bartolo   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Paolo De Pasquale   ^{3 *} , PhD ;   Marta Russo   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Denise Jennifer Berger   ^{4, 6} , PhD ;   Antonella Maselli   ^{4, 7} , PhD ;   Daniele Borzelli   ^{4, 7} , PhD ;   Christian Nissler   ⁸ , PhD ;   Markus Nowak   ⁸ , PhD ;   Claudio Castellini   ^{8, 9} , PhD ;   Giovanni Morone   ^{1, 10} , MD, PhD ;   Andrea d'Avella   ^{4, 11} , PhD

¹ Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy

² Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy

³ IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy

⁴ Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy

⁵ Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy

⁶ Center of Space Biomedicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

⁸ Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Weßling, Germany

⁹ Assistive Intelligent Robotics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany

¹⁰ Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences,, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy

¹¹ Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

*these authors contributed equally