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Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Smartphone Sensor–Based Assessments: Remote, Digital, Bring-Your-Own-Device Study

Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Smartphone Sensor–Based Assessments: Remote, Digital, Bring-Your-Own-Device Study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which can manifest in functional impairment in cognitive and motor abilities, and the subsequent accumulation of disability over time [1]. The number of people affected by MS is increasing globally, with recent figures estimating over 2.8 million cases worldwide [2].

Lito Kriara, Frank Dondelinger, Luca Capezzuto, Corrado Bernasconi, Florian Lipsmeier, Adriano Galati, Michael Lindemann

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63090

Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel  Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Safety, feasibility, and enjoyment have been shown for upper extremity home-based NIVRT [13,16], and there is budding evidence of feasibility for lower extremity motor recovery, gait, and balance in subacute and chronic stroke [16-18]. Lee et al [17] reported a small but significant benefit to doing balance and gait-related NIVRT via telerehabilitation, with moderate usability (the exercises were easy to learn but technical issues were common) and no reported falls.

Lisa Sheehy, Anne Taillon-Hobson, Heidi Sveistrup, Martin Bilodeau, Christine Yang, Vivian Welch, Hillel Finestone

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2025;12:e64729

Explainable AI for Intraoperative Motor-Evoked Potential Muscle Classification in Neurosurgery: Bicentric Retrospective Study

Explainable AI for Intraoperative Motor-Evoked Potential Muscle Classification in Neurosurgery: Bicentric Retrospective Study

In particular, the monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) helps to assess the functional integrity of motor pathways during surgeries and allows postoperative motor outcomes to be predicted [2-9]. However, the features of this complex signal that contribute to its predictive potential are still poorly understood and there are few standardized warning criteria to alert the surgeon. Currently, the best-established and most reliable MEP warning criterion during IONM is a 50% drop in amplitude [10].

Qendresa Parduzi, Jonathan Wermelinger, Simon Domingo Koller, Murat Sariyar, Ulf Schneider, Andreas Raabe, Kathleen Seidel

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63937

Reliability of Average Daily Steps Measured Through a Consumer Smartwatch in Parkinson Disease Phenotypes, Stages, and Severities: Cross-Sectional Study

Reliability of Average Daily Steps Measured Through a Consumer Smartwatch in Parkinson Disease Phenotypes, Stages, and Severities: Cross-Sectional Study

Walking is a fundamental motor ability, and it is pivotal for functional independence and social well-being [1]. Gait disturbances are common in people with Parkinson disease (PD), and include shuffling gait, shortened step length, altered automaticity, decreased arm swing, and freezing of gait [2]. These represent a particularly disabling group of symptoms, significantly hampering the quality of life of people with PD [3] and increasing the risk of falls [4].

Edoardo Bianchini, Domiziana Rinaldi, Lanfranco De Carolis, Silvia Galli, Marika Alborghetti, Clint Hansen, Antonio Suppa, Marco Salvetti, Francesco Ernesto Pontieri, Nicolas Vuillerme

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e63153

Exergame (ExerG)-Based Physical-Cognitive Training for Rehabilitation in Adults With Motor and Balance Impairments: Usability Study

Exergame (ExerG)-Based Physical-Cognitive Training for Rehabilitation in Adults With Motor and Balance Impairments: Usability Study

This summative usability study employed a convergent mixed methods design to comprehensively evaluate the usability, safety, performance, and user experience of Exer G, a novel training solution for rehabilitation in adults with motor and balance impairments [12,18]. Summative usability testing is conducted to assess whether intended users can use the device safely and effectively in its intended environments [19].

Silvia Herren, Barbara Seebacher, Sarah Mildner, Yanick Riederer, Ulrike Pachmann, Nija Sonja Böckler, Stephan Niedecken, Sabrina Alicia Sgandurra, Leo Bonati, Isabella Hotz, Alexandra Schättin, Roman Jurt, Christian Brenneis, Katharina Lenfert, Frank Behrendt, Stefan Schmidlin, Lennart Nacke, Corina Schuster-Amft, Anna Lisa Martin-Niedecken

JMIR Serious Games 2025;13:e66515

Quantifying Similarities Between MediaPipe and a Known Standard to Address Issues in Tracking 2D Upper Limb Trajectories: Proof of Concept Study

Quantifying Similarities Between MediaPipe and a Known Standard to Address Issues in Tracking 2D Upper Limb Trajectories: Proof of Concept Study

Within clinical and rehabilitation settings, the evaluation and monitoring of an individual’s motor function and impairment is important when assessing the effectiveness of an intervention [1]. Standardized clinical assessments, while highly important, often involve a degree of subjectivity (eg, [2]). For example, observing and rating movement quality based on a set criterion or scale may be susceptible to bias and inaccuracies [3].

Vaidehi Wagh, Matthew W Scott, Sarah N Kraeutner

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e56682

Feasibility of At-Home Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training in Virtual Reality: Case Study

Feasibility of At-Home Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training in Virtual Reality: Case Study

It is characterized by abnormalities of tone, muscle weakness, sensory or perceptual deficits, and motor incoordination of the affected side, which can lead to significant impairments of motor function result. Physical and occupational therapy focuses on motor learning tasks that incorporate the intensive, repetitive, and progressively challenging practice of goal-oriented functional tasks that improve upper extremity motor function for children with unilateral CP [2,3].

James E Gehringer, Anne Woodruff Jameson, Hailey Boyer, Jennifer Konieczny, Ryan Thomas, James Pierce III, Andrea B Cunha, Sandra Willett

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e57588

The Dual Task Ball Balancing Test and Its Association With Cognitive Function: Algorithm Development and Validation

The Dual Task Ball Balancing Test and Its Association With Cognitive Function: Algorithm Development and Validation

We introduce a novel test of motor control, coordination, and attention—the “ball balancing” test, in which an individual is asked to maintain the position of a virtual ball in the center of a circular target area. Task performance is measured by examining the position of a virtual ball on the screen of a touchscreen tablet, estimated using the inertial sensors embedded in the tablet.

Barry Greene, Sean Tobyne, Ali Jannati, Killian McManus, Joyce Gomes Osman, Russell Banks, Ranjit Kher, John Showalter, David Bates, Alvaro Pascual-Leone

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e49794

Motor Effects of Intervention With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Physiotherapy Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Motor Effects of Intervention With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Physiotherapy Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Balance and functional performance seem improved in children with CP after 5 sessions of t DCS anodal stimulation of the motor cortex plus treadmill training for 2 consecutive weeks. Just 1 session of t DCS realized in the M1 region for 20 minutes in a group of children with CP showed a momentary increase in cortex activation with a direct influence on motor control and an improvement in gait and balanced outcomes [6].

Anna Izabel Cangussu, Beatriz Lucarini, Igor de Freitas Melo, Paula Araújo Diniz, Marisa Mancini, Bernardo de Mattos Viana, Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva, Débora Marques de Miranda

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e52922

Comprehensive Assessment and Early Prediction of Gross Motor Performance in Toddlers With Graph Convolutional Networks–Based Deep Learning: Development and Validation Study

Comprehensive Assessment and Early Prediction of Gross Motor Performance in Toddlers With Graph Convolutional Networks–Based Deep Learning: Development and Validation Study

In various areas of development, gross motor development begins earlier than other areas of development, such as fine motor and language development, and therefore, it is possible to assess the risk of developmental delay at a younger age by monitoring gross motor development. Studies have shown that gross motor development at an early age is predictive of subsequent developments [16] and is also associated with future academic achievement [17,18].

Sulim Chun, Sooyoung Jang, Jin Yong Kim, Chanyoung Ko, JooHyun Lee, JaeSeong Hong, Yu Rang Park

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e51996